How to clear CS Final New syllabus - Tips by Muthu who passed all groups in single attempt

Mr. Muthu Kumar from Chennai has passed all modules of CS Professional course new syllabus in the 1st

attempt in December 2014. He is sharing his success tips here for the benefit of students:

1.     What are your views on the new syllabus? 

New syllabus gives more emphasis on Practical approach including most of the exams ; I think first time a professional institute came up with Open Book Exam, which is a novel idea. New paper Information Technology is included in the CS Course, which helps to developknowledge in the area of IT and its recent developments.

The new syllabus study material is good in all aspects ;  even the practical examples and procedures are also covered in the institute material now.

The drawback in the new syllabus is that the question Paper doesn’t contain one mark questions; my opinion is that it can be retained for the benefit of the students to gain marks & also to save time. 

2.      Why students are struggling in new syllabus? What makes it difficult for them?

• Time duration provided in exam is only 3 hrs, which may not be enough for the students as they need to write more for the theory questions.
• Students generally depend on the scanners and few      author’s books and they are not considering the Institute material fully, which is why they are facing difficulty.
• New syllabus Question paper Pattern doesn’t provide choices like old syllabus.

3.     Can you guide the students with tips on how to prepare - subject wise? 

ACLP:

Studying the entire book may not be possible at this time. For the students preparing for their exam in the last Month only  may go with the sankeet kedia’s book on ACLP which is really good. For others who are preparing from the beginning, they should study the study material & also the scanner.

CRI:

Institute Study material is the best one for the CRI paper. Even the students who are preparing at the last moment can go with the study material. Also they may use the scanners for referring to the previous year question papers and FAQs.

Due Diligence and Compliance Management:

For this paper Institute study material and the scanner will be sufficient. Many students are not studying the Due Diligence study material properly and they prefer the other books & hence face difficulty in exams.

Financial Management:

Preparing for the theory as well as for the practical questions are equally important. As question patterns differ every year, preparing for practical questions is also very important. Recently our institute also issued the Practice manual for this paper that can be referred for the practical questions. Before going to the exams, solve all the questions in the scanner; at times questions in this paper are repeated from past year.

IT:

For IT paper studying the study material is the best approach. For the last two attempts, questions are coming from the study material only.

Tax:

In new syllabus, 70 marks are there for IDT, balance portion of 30 Marks is allocated for Direct Tax. Direct Tax questions are mostly asked from study material only. But in IDT questions are also asked from outside the material, where Bangaru material can be used, which is a good one. Particularly for the case Laws and practical questions bangaru material will be helpful one.

Also, Studying the supplementary updates is equally important, as questions are asked from recent updates.

General:

Above all, preparing notes is also essential for all subjects, since during exam days, studying entire book will not be possible. While preparing notes, don’t repeat what is there in material make it as points or table or chart so that revising the entire paper in a day should be possible.

4.     Will you advise people to take all 3 modules together or break and write?

It is always better to write all the 3 modules together. In CS all the papers are interrelated one. For eg. Studying CRI will be more helpful to learn Due Diligence paper. Likewise FM questions may be repeated in the Tax paper. So writing together will save your time for preparation as well as increase scope of clearing the papers (group carry forward of marks is also available). Moreover, now institute is also giving 1 or 2 days leave in between the exams.

5.     Which elective subject you took? Which papers are comparatively easy in electives?

I took IPR for the main reason that it is easier compared to other papers. In IPR, 50% of the portion is repeated from the Inter syllabus only. Moreover, the first 50 mark questions are logical questions which can be answered easily; this advantage will not be there in the remaining 4 papers. The balance 50 marks in the IPR are from the study material and from the Bare Act only.

6.     How many months did you prepare? What would you advise - as regards months of preparation?

I prepared for 6 months. And I would suggest at least 3 to 4 months preparation for writing all the 3 modules. Moreover Daily 6 hrs of effective preparation is enough for clearing all the modules in the first attempt itself.

7.     Which are the papers that are more scoring papers in the new syllabus?

Scoring papers are

• CRI and DD in the first module
• FM in the second module
• Tax and Drafting in the third module

In all the above papers, scoring 60 and above is possible compared to other papers. Particularly in FM and CRI scoring 75 and above is possible.

8.     What about revision? How many times you revised?

I revised the subject for 5 to 6 times. If you need to be familiar with the subject, atleast 3 to 5 times of revision is required. Moreover when writing the exams, recollecting and presenting the answer will be quiet easy for those who revised their papers.

9.     Any other specific points that you would like to share...

Whenever preparing for the exam, have a clear timetable with you and fix the place where you are going to study. Don’t change the place often, since environment also matters while studying. Next important thing your food habits ; don’t take any NEW food item during the exam time.

I think with 3-4 months intense preparation, one can clear the new syllabus 3 modules. 

Wishing the students all the best and success in their exams and career..

Common Mistakes in Exam preparation & presentation: Girls' & Seniors perspective...

Ms. Divya Mohan

Mistakes at the time of preparation:

1. Preparing for exam just before a month which is supposed to be revision time. (In my case I prepared for 17 hours a day which is not possible for everyone, so they may atleast spend 2 hours a day to get in touch with the subject particularly subjects like Tax & FM)

2. Not sleeping enough and not on a regular sleep schedule.

3. Failing to prepare time table & if prepared, failing to follow the same

4. Getting distraction while studying

5. If in case of group study – Discussing about the unwanted stuffs and wasting time

6. Studying only scanners – it is most necessary to take up coaching classes for the most difficult subject like Tax and FM which will help to crack the exam at the earliest

7.       A student must have positive mind and must be an internal driven capacity. i.e. I CAN AND I WILL DO MY BEST.

At the time of presentation:

1.       Arriving late for a exam

2.       Feeling panic  at the exam hall

3.       Taking too much time to select  which question to answer

4.       Cramming too much information into the memory  -

5.       Failing to allocate time for each question –  which will result in lack of time to cover 100 marks

6.       Starting with the most difficult question – Which will take more time to complete

7.       Poor writing style

8.       Failing to answer all the unanswered Questions in the last few minutes.

9.       Failing to use diagrams and pie charts, flow charts wherever necessary especially in theory papers.

10.   While presenting answer they may quote their practical experience to make their answers  unique from others in turn increase the Marks. 

CS. Kanchana, Salem 

Kanchana & Poorinma 

The very common problem faced by the students is “Mind & Hand” link. That is most of the students say that they have written well but they dint clear / they dint get the score which they expected. What most of the students say is 100 % correct, they know the concepts really well but where they lack is to write, what exactly in their mind. This is called as “Non-Sink of Mind and Hand”.

For E.g.


Mind: Managing Director should affix the seal and sign in the AGM Notice.

Hand: Managing Director should sign in the AGM Notice.

Non -Sink is: leaving the point of affixing the seal.

What can be done in this?

The sink can be done through a simple exercise. Just write any news which you heard in TV in your own language. Make either your parents / friends to read what you have written. Ask them what they have understood, from their reply you can find out whether you have conveyed what your mind exactly wanted to do. If not then do this exercise for a while until you feel that you’re able to write what you exactly want to convey. Once you’re good at “Mind & Hand” link you can easily convey your answer in rite manner to the person who values your paper.

Cs. Aishwarya Ramesh

First and foremost students must plan their course of preparation well ahead. They must try to finish their coaching classes atleast 4 months before the exams. The first round of studying the material should be a casual reading. During this time students may highlight or mark important topics for further reading. The second round should be a detailed studying and not reading. Students can Write down important sections and formulae in a sheet of paper with different colors and paste it in their room. 

Try to memorise what you have studied during the day before going to bed. 

Do not refer too many books. I did this mistake. Stick on to the institute material and just one good book for reference. 

Solving previous year question paper helps.

And also please avoid discussing with friends about preparation as it causes unnecessary panic .

Cs. Poornima Shankar, Salem

Common mistakes in preparation of law subjects :

1) Lag in understanding the basics of the law and just mugging up the points

2) Relying on scanners only

3) Not going through the study material (it will be useful for one marks)

4) Focus is needed in key points and sections

5) More awareness is needed on the updates and amendments

6) Solving different question papers will be helpful

In other subjects :

1) Working different kinds of problems is needed before exams

2) working with steps is necessary. Just cutting the steps and going to the final answer will not be helpful and students may get struck in the examination hall

3) should be aware of Latest amendments relating to direct and indirect taxation as it gets changing frequently

4) Being OMR based tax and costing papers , more practice is needed as wrong answers fetch them negative marks too

Common mistakes in presentation :

1) Continuing the answer for the questions in the same page rather than starting it in a new page. Starting each question in a new page will help the examiner to know what they have written properly.

2) Numbering of questions is not done properly. In the tension, some of the students fail to write the question numbers correctly.

3) Non mentioning of Part A or Part B to which their answers belong

4) Not differentiating the headings and the explanations. Use of black pens or underlining the headings will be helpful to get marks

5) Not showing the steps through which they arrived the solution

6) Failing to give notes or explanations supporting their answers

7) If they are nor able to remember the sections in law, its better not to quote it rather that quoting a wrong section and losing whole marks

8) It is always a good practice to put a line when a question is over.

These are some mistakes which students do inspite of the tension, short time in the examination hall though they are aware of these.

When these small mistakes are avoided, it will fetch you more marks and add pride to your path of becoming CS..!!

Apart from Girls perspective above, finally the views of an experienced person:

C R Shiv Kumaran MBA, ACMA, ACS

(He cleared CS recently)

CS is a thoroughly professional exam that puts to test both the mental and physical strength of the candidate. A lot of useful points have already been sent across by other contributors regarding the methods in which the syllabus has to be covered or on the do's and don't s in the examination hall. These are valuable inputs that needs to be adhered by the students to study and score marks.  On my part I would like to share a few points which I have rigorously adopted to prepare and present for exams.

1. Okay it is a professional course but that does not mean that it is a tough one: This thought should be in your mind even at the time of enrolling for the course. A professional course is designed to bring out the expert in you and is not designed to be tough so as to make you fail. At any given time remember that before you so many people have taken these very exams and have cleared them. You are not doing something not tried before. So if something has been done or achieved before you too are capable of doing the same. This very thought will bring you CONFIDENCE. 

2. Not all the time in my life is going to go towards preparation:

To many of us we lose half the battle when consciously or unconsciously right from the moment we enroll for a CS or CMA or CA course, we start to think that life is going to get tough. This in turn brings about an element of unease within us that we start to forego those very elements that bring relaxation in our lives, like time with family/friends, watching a movie, reading a book etc. A sense of urgency sets within us that our mind starts to gallop and allocates every single time conceivable towards examination preparation work. RELAX!,  a professional course is demanding but it does not mean that it is unassailable. What is needed is TIME MANAGEMENT and a PLAN for you to navigate the syllabus. Each day have a definite time plan for managing your active hours. Balance your available active hours between work, study and play. Also remember to make within that time schedule allowances for cheat days wherein you don't touch your study material but spend those hours doing nothing or something that you love to do. When you successfully manage a cheat day without having any guilt about it will make you feel that your life is completely under your control. It will bring CALMNESS and PREDICTABILITY and lead to better CLARITY IN THOUGHT. To you no longer is a professional course life threatening.

3. God is in parts:

Remember the famous saying God is in the Details, to you the caption should read as God is in parts. All professional courses have huge syllabuses that at sight overwhelm you. Never ever worry about the larger picture that the syllabus presents. Based on your time plan that you have developed for yourself, try to master smaller portions of a chapter one at a time. Look at your syllabus and your mastery over it as addition of smaller parts into a bigger one. Never do the mistake of thinking about rest of the syllabus/subjects when you are at mastering a chapter or module. The moment you do this your nervousness starts to reduce. This will lead to better  MEMORY RETENTION.

4. Go....... take a walk:

This is especially true for people who work and study. Within your time plan have at least half hour of time wherein you exercise your body as well. This can be a walk in the park or even a walk back from office/college to home, any other mode of exercise, yoga/meditation or anything that exercises your mind and body. This practice is bound to have the magical effect of DE-STRESS on your thoughts. Try to avoid phone conversations, chatting or listening to music within this time. Just be by yourself during this time.

5. Sleep well and Eat well:

Sleep is important and so is eating nutritious food. Be judicious with your sleep time and with what you eat. Remember an exam is a test of both your mental ability and physical ability. A candidate needs to last those three hours multiplied by the number of exams he or she takes without any fatigue. To withstand the rigorous demands of a punishing exam schedule, the student has to prepare his or her body for that ultimate day. Many of us make the mistake of just preparing rigorously for the exams but not taking adequate care on our PHYSICAL WELL-BEING. A well nourished body repays its master handsomely.

I have jotted down a few practices which I have adopted all these years to overcome the trauma that is normally associated with pursuing a professional course. Hope you find them useful.

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You may also read the following related articles:

CS Final - How to prepare and present - Tips by Ms. Sanofar All India Rankholder

CS Final - Subject wise Analysis- Guidance from a senior 

Cs Final - Tips from Balaji, Rank holder

How to prepare Module II & III of CS Final 

How to prepare for Electives, FM & Tax - Chat with seniors

Whats up chat with seniors - How to prepare for CS Final exams

Common mistakes CS Students do in preparation & presentation

Students tend to make certain specific mistakes in Professional exams; that is one of the reason why certain groups need to be taken again and again to clear..

What are the mistakes students commonly do & how to avoid them; Some young CS who has qualified recently share their views..

SAILESH



1) Preparing only with scanners and notes (here notes refer to the notes taken by the student/friends while attending the classes. These will be incomplete for preparation unless we study the subject fully and relate it to the notes) - Many people, including me at first, think that going by the scanner will be helpful in covering the important areas of the whole syllabus.

I strongly oppose this thought. This view of going by scanner gives a false impression that we are covering the major aspects.But it is not so. Yes, its agreed that some important areas, rather questions, are covered in scanner, but by going only by the scanner, we are missing out the basic area of covering the subject. We cover only the questions and not the subject, if we follow the scanner/solved papers. Covering the topic/subject is necessary for effectively facing exams. I tried to follow this in my last attempt and was able to clear. I had the satisfaction of answering the questions well than my earlier attempts. I shared this view with one of my friends, who echoed this view after completing the exam. Thought of putting forth this here.

2) Continuously studying the same subject and concentrating on it and giving lesser importance to other subjects -

Students think that if they write a paper very well and score 70+ in it, they can compensate the marks with just 40+ marks in other 2 subjects in the module. this is wrong, because, being professional programme, no subject is going to be that easy to score 70+ or even 60+. You need to be studying all the subjects well or atleast give proper respect to the subject, to score well. The students need to concentrate on the subjects to score equally well in the subjects. To be practical, we can say that, we cannot score 70+ in all subjects, atleast we can study well to score 50+ in all the subjects. Any person who has come this far (let it be Executive or Professional) will be able to score 50+ in all subjects, if they put in equal efforts for the subjects, rather than concentrating on only few subjects. If in the single subject we are not able to perform well, it will totally destroy the confidence and we will not be able to do the other subjects even upto the limited extent we have prepared.

3) With regard to the presentation, its general tendancy to write the answer, which we know very well, for pages and pages and not properly writing other answers. This will surely send the signal to the valuer that we are not in a position to write the full paper well. As a result the other answers will be scrutinized highly. The anwers need to be upto the limit of marks and we need to be able to put down the basic points. Not everyone can write the answers exactly upto the point. atleast we can try to be precise and not exaggerate.

Exaggeration of the answers is one of the most common mistakes done during the presentation in exams.

4) Many people, including some of my school seniors, say that, we need to attend the answers which we know well first and then attend the other answers. But i beg to differ.

Its better to answer the questions as per the numerical order. This is because, i'm of the view that, if we write the answers that way, we are presenting ourself as someone who is confident in answering the question as per the order and we are prepared enough not to attend only some questions. We need to write the answers as much as relevant to the question. The student would have put in hard work and prepared. they would have surely known the answer, its just that they don't understand that, they need to strat writing to get the flow of ideas. They get a mental block that they don't know the answer at all and blindly jump to the next question.

( I beg to differ Sailesh: It is better to write in same order only when we are 100 % confident in all questions; else, we can write in the order in which we are comfortable - Mohan kumar)

R.S.BHARATH KUMAR 

Mistakes in Preparation

·         Lack of proper planning and Time Management Skills

* Not using Institute study materials and selecting some other books for reading; 

·         Confusion on how many groups to write. And  by this way students tend to ask opinion of others  and not believing themselves.

·         Reading only suggested answers and not going with the syllabus, thinking that only previous years questions will be repeated.

·         During your preparation try and study everything. Each and every topic. The basic idea behind this is that you must have something relevant to write about the given topic.

PRESENTATION

·         If in a passage there are various points try and write them separately in points and give them separate number.

·         In exam never use short forms like AGM, EGM, CG, CLB,etc.,

·         While writing be specific about your answer.

·         Attempt full paper of 100 marks.

·         If you are not sure of section, then please don write section number.

·         Don’t write stories. Answer should be specific.

·         Try and improve your recalling power.

Prasanna Varadan



Preparation

1) Initially I didn't refer and study the material supplied by the institute & fully depended on the scanners available in the market. I cleared (in fourth attempt) only when I thoroughly read the institute materials.


2) My request is to avoid discussion with friends before the day of examination and before the start of examination;  this lead to failure, I have personally experienced it.


3) Mostly we will concentrate on arithmetical related papers i.e. FM & ATLP and we won't concentrate on theoretical papers.My kind advice is to concentrate equally on all papers at regular intervals.

4) I compared the level of preparations with my co friends which lead to some demotivation, which can be avoided.

Presentation

My recommendations based on the mistakes:

1) Answer all the questions in a fresh page.

2) Try to Maintain same level of handwriting throughout the answer book.

3) If headings are underlined, please follow the same throughout the answer book.

4) Whenever we are writing working notes,  we need to intimate the Working Note nos in the main problems.

5) Final answer was calculated in the Working notes but we may fail to write below the actual problems, Kindly highlight the final answer.

6) Drawing proper lines and tables using rulers help to fetch good marks,though we do not get correct answer for the question. (Step marks)

7) Please avoid leaving any space in between the answer book for any question to answer the same during the later part of the examination because sometimes we may not be able complete the answers within time.

8) Descriptive questions can be presented point wise.

9) Questions having side headings can be presented in the flow chart format.

10) Question Numbers has to be written correctly.(PART,Q.nos.,Sub Q.Nos.)

11) Without fail, write the Additional sheet number and put the tick mark for the questions answered in the front page of the answer book.
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Next part : Common mistakes - Girls' perspective.. Will be shared tomorrow ...

You may also read the following related articles:

CS Final - How to prepare and present - Tips by Ms. Sanofar All India Rankholder

CS Final - Subject wise Analysis- Guidance from a senior 

Cs Final - Tips from Balaji, Rank holder

How to prepare Module II & III of CS Final 

How to prepare for Electives, FM & Tax - Chat with seniors

Whats up chat with seniors - How to prepare for CS Final exams

How to pass CS Final - New syllabus: Interview with Ms.Ranjitha

It has been an year since New Syllabus is introduced. Honestly speaking, we rarely come across some one who has completed CS Professional program in New syllabus. One such rare person who wrote CS Professional in New syllabus & cleared is Ms. Ranjitha.

We asked her some questions on New Syllabus for the benefit of those doing CS Professional program.

·         Congrats for passing CS Professional in New syllabus. Did you clear all modules of CS Final in single attempt or how did you attempt it?

I wrote the first two modules during December 2014 and the third module this June. I cleared them all in a single attempt.

·         Would you advise people studying some other course or working to write 3 modules together or few modules only at a time?

I split and wrote due to personal reasons. However, I’ll always advise people to write all the three modules together even for the categories of people you mentioned due to the benefit of carry over and a possibility of a rank provided that they spend an hour studying every day, during weekends and a minimum of 12 hours per day of preparation during 20-25 days before the exams. If this is not possible, they may split and write but still it requires hard work because of the loss of carry over benefit. Plus the six months delay in getting membership will have a huge impact. The choice depends on the immediate needs of the person. In conclusion, it’s always better to write them together.

·         How was the New syllabus in general? Course content and examination….

The new syllabus content is vast however beneficial to students in various aspects especially with respect to Tax paper. Students may find the introduction of ITSA paper uncomfortable but its syllabus is very small and if spent 3 hours a day, you can finish it in 12 days. The elective papers are interesting and even though they are open book exams, reasonable amount of preparation is inevitable.

·         What kind of preparation is required for Electives?

One need to certainly read the elective paper in advance, though it is an open book system. Only if the questions are direct, open book system will help. If the questions are indirect, we can answer only if we have read the book well.

·         How different was the question paper pattern in new syllabus?

The question paper pattern is the trickiest part of new syllabus. The conversion of external choice to internal choice leaves us with no choice but to study the whole syllabus. There are no objective questions which indicate that time management is going to be highly important. Many of my friends couldn’t finish the paper and that’s one mistake you should never do. Most questions are for 4 or 5 marks. So it’s better to give your answers point-wise or using flow charts to save time and simultaneously make a good presentation.

·         How much preparation (in terms of time) is required to clear CS Professional?

Generally, for all 9 papers, 3-4 months of preparation is required but it changes from person to person. First two months, 6 hours and the next two months a minimum of 12 hours preparation is required. Asking more questions on a particular subject and finding out answers will help in effective preparation.

·         What are the books that you used mainly for Problem oriented papers (FM, Tax, etc)? Which one you will recommend?

I used my Coaching institute material and the ICSI material for my preparation. I used Bangar and Bangar for tax since I did the third module separately and had ample time but it is vast and I feel it is too much for CS exams. Based on the past new syllabus question papers, we can say that the ICSI material is sufficient to clear both FM and Tax papers.

·         What are the reasons students struggle a lot in FM & Tax and how  can they overcome it?

The problem could be the strategy used. They are not completely problem-oriented. In case of FM paper at least 50% questions shall be theoretical. In Tax paper also questions of 20-25 marks are from the theory part (Appeals, procedures, penalties, etc.). Finish the theory portion a soon as possible. Concentrate on all the problems given in the ICSI material. Work out the problems of a minimum of 15 past exam question papers. People who have time constraints can use Bangar and Bangar book only for problems. The problems in tax and FM are simpler in new syllabus and this amount of preparation will suffice in my opinion.

·         Was the Institute study material useful? If so, for which subjects they can be relied upon?

Students must go through Institute material simultaneously no matter what book they use. For modules 2 and 3, Institute study material is more than sufficient and a must.

·         Any specific tips to clear FM?

As I told earlier, if people have difficulty in working out problems, they can concentrate completely n theory first and then try work out problems as much as possible. Understanding the concept behind the working of problems is more important than working out more number of problems. Studying the theory part is essential to understand the logic and concept behind every problem.

·         Any specific tips to clear Tax?

70 marks allotment to Indirect tax is a boon to New syllabus students. Given that the problems asked in IDT are simple in nature and the 20-25 marks theory part will be highly useful, I’ll recommend preparing IDT in an exhaustive manner first. Questions on amendments during the previous 6 months can always be expected. Tax requires a lot of time and a minimum of two revisions.

·         Do you think that the valuation in exams is very strict?

Yes the valuation has been strict especially in case of new syllabus. The question paper pattern demands an exhaustive preparation and the manner of valuation demands concise and to the point answers

·         Why people take long time to clear ACS Professional nowadays? How can it be overcome?

The question paper pattern requires the students to study all the chapters. Smart work plus hard work only will bear fruits. So students should learn all the chapters and when it comes to law papers clear interpretation is absolutely necessary. Giving only the answer to the question asked and presenting it in a manner which poses no difficulty to the examiner to understand are prime requisites.

·         Did you study entire material/ book or did you leave any chapter or portion?

I studied the entire material and it is highly recommended.

·         How many times you revised? How many revisions are required to clear?

I revised the first two modules once and the third module twice. I’ll recommend two revisions for all subjects to be sure about clearing.

·         Is there any paper that you may say as Scoring paper?

I think the papers in Second module are all easy and one can score well.

·         What are the other things that you would like to share for clearing CS professional exams

First few days of preparation will be dull. So to avoid these ineffective hours spent, students can start even earlier and be casual in the beginning. Also, it is not completely necessary that you stay away from all entertainment like movies or hanging out with friends. Pushing yourself too much will make this course a punishment. Enjoying what you learn is the most important thing. By virtue of my Guruji, company Law became my entertainment when I wanted a way out from dull papers like FM or Corporate Governance. So all things said, a passion towards the course will go a longer way than every strategy recommended by me. All the best to all the students. Thank you.

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You may also read the following related articles:


CS Final - How to prepare and present - Tips by Ms. Sanofar All India Rankholder

CS Final - Subject wise Analysis- Guidance from a senior 

Cs Final - Tips from Balaji, Rank holder

How to prepare Module II & III of CS Final 

How to prepare for Electives, FM & Tax - Chat with seniors

Whats up chat with seniors - How to prepare for CS Final exams

WAYS TO CRACK CS PROFESSIONAL EXAMS- ADVICE FROM SENIOR